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Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk (Russian: Челя́бинск; IPA: [tɕɪˈlʲæbʲɪnsk]) is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast, 210 kilometers (130 mi) south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass River, on the border of Europe and Asia. Population: 1,130,132 (2010 Census); 1,077,174 (2002 Census); 1,141,777 (1989 Census).
History
The fortress of Chelyaba, from which the city takes its name, was founded at the location of the Bashkir village of Chelyaby(Bashkir: Силәбе) by colonel Alexey (Kutlu-Muhammed) Tevkelev to protect the surrounding trade routes from possible attacks by Bashkir outlaws. During Pugachev's Rebellion, the fortress withstood a siege by the rebel forces in 1774, but was eventually captured for several months in 1775. In 1782, as a part of Ufa Viceroyalty that was later reformed into Orenburg Governorate, Chelyabinsk became a seat of a its own uyezd and finally was granted town status and its current name in 1787.
21088 Chelyabinsk
21088 Chelyabinsk, provisional designation 1992 BL2, is a stony near-Earth object and Amor asteroid about 4.2 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at ESO's La Silla Observatory in northern Chile, on 30 January 1992.
The S-type asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.3–2.1 AU once every 2 years and 3 months (814 days). Its orbit shows a relatively high eccentricity of 0.24 and a notable inclination of 38 degrees from the plane of the ecliptic. Its Earth minimum orbit intersection distance is 0.306 AU (46,000,000 km), slightly above the threshold distance of 0.25 AU, defined for potentially hazardous objects (PHO).
Two photometric light-curve analysis rendered a rotation period of 22.490 and 22.426±0.02 hours, each with a brightness amplitude of 0.13 in magnitude. The observations were performed by Czech astronomer Petr Pravec at Ondřejov Observatory in 2002 and 2004, respectively. According to the surveys carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, the asteroid has a diameter of 4.2 kilometers and an albedo of 0.18 and 0.21, respectively, while observations by the Japanese Akari satellite found a higher albedo of 0.26 and a diameter of 3.5 kilometers, as the higher the albedo, the lower the body's diameter for a given absolute magnitude. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link gives preference to WISE's results over those obtained by Akari.
Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast
Ozyorsk or Ozersk (Russian: Озёрск) is a closedtown in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. Population: 82,164 (2010 Census);91,760 (2002 Census).
History
It was founded on the shore of the Irtyash Lake in 1945. Until 1994, it was known as Chelyabinsk-65, and even earlier, as Chelyabinsk-40 (the digits are the last digits of the postal code, and the name is that of the nearest big city; which was a common practice of giving names to closed towns). In 1994, it was granted town status and renamed Ozyorsk.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with six rural localities, incorporated as the Town of Ozyorsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the Town of Ozyorsk is incorporated as Ozyorsky Urban Okrug.
Economy
Ozyorsk was and remains a closed town because of its proximity to the Mayak plant, one of the sources of Soviet plutonium during the Cold War, and now a Russian facility for processing nuclear waste and recycling nuclear material from decommissioned nuclear weapons.
